Wow. Sorry you had to deal with that - I know how you feel. I deal with similar - things can be going so well and I finally feel some stability and progress, and then BAM. And the trigger is usually something I can do nothing about, or could not have predicted. The truth here is that they have an axe to grind with society and need a reason why they are so miserable. And eventually, they find something about you and use that as a reason to attack you and blame you for their misery. My GF goes so far as to say she is jealous of my independence and happiness and that makes her angry!
Still wondering if I am the crazy one. That happens when I fight back.
That's why you should try and not fight back. There is nothing to gain by fighting back. You won't change his mind, won't get him so suddenly realize and apologize, and won't get him to calm down or change his behavior in the future. All you accomplish by fighting back is give him more fuel to counter attack you and hurt you with and more things to blame you for. And the end result of fighting back is you feeling even worse, feeling crazy, and feeling like you could be causing his rage.
I'd suggest next time he starts raging over the absurd, to take a step back at the first hint of a raised voice, sarcasm, or blame, tell him that you are sorry he is upset, are willing to discuss this with him calmly at a later time, but that you will not engage in a shouting mach. Then tell him you are leaving for a while, and will be back.